Trane Mini Splits. Convection Radiators.
As mentioned before, heat pumps work best when the temperature of the heat released is low. Floor, wall and low temperature radiator heating systems are therefore particularly suited for heat pumps. Floor and wall systems are more and more popular for reasons of comfort and health, as well as aesthetic reasons
Convection radiators create higher temperatures in the ceiling and cooler temperature at floor level. This will cause convection drafts and air circulation which have a cooling effect on the occupants and carry dust particles. This can result in respiratory problems and dirt on walls and furniture. With underfloor heating,
floor to ceiling temperature and humidity levels remain more constant, producing a more comfortable environment for occupants.
ŠYork Mini Splits. Modern Radiators.
In retrofit situations, underfloor heating might not be possible. Different options can then be considered: Šmodern radiators can be used to distribute heat at a low temperature. They are larger than conventional radiators to allow for lower heating
temperatures with larger convection areas; hydronic convectors assisted with a fan can be operated at low water temperature with a heat pump. They are typically 20% to 40% the size of an equivalent output radiator, and are equipped with advanced control; existing radiators can be operated at lower temperature than usual to provide a base heating load with the heat pump. The heat pump is backed-up by the existing boiler or an immersion heater when higher temperatures are required.
Trane Home. COP.
The table below shows how the COP of a water/brine-to-water heat pump varies with the temperature of the distribution system: Air heating may also be used with heat pumps in modern houses in which the heating requirement is limited. It has the advantage of working at a low temperature and of being able to react quickly to temperature fluctuations in the house. An air-heating appliance can also be used to purify and refresh the air to create an optimum indoor climate.
Heat distribution system supply/return COP1 temperature, Conventional radiators 140/122 °F 2.5, Floor or wall heating 95/86°F 4.0, Modern radiators 113/95°F 3.5,
Hydronic convectors 118.40/100.40 °F 3.5.
Trane Air Conditioning. Storage Systems.
Conventional heating systems (gas or oil boilers) are generally sized to meet peak demands (only a few days if not hours per year). Heat pumps are not suitable for such an approach as the investment required would be too high. To fit this economically, we therefore aim at a system with a heat pump as small as possible, working for as many hours as possible. A certain amount of heat or cold can be stored in a buffer at a certain time to meet peaks in demand later on.
Temporary storage can take place in the mass of the building. Heat produced by the heat pump can be stored at night in the mass of the floor slab through an underfloor heating system and released slowly during the day. The mass of walls insulated externally, or partition walls, can be used similarly. This principle can be applied to avail of the low cost electricity at night to store most of the heat (60%) that will
be used during the next day.
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